AP Human Geography Course Outline of Content for Chapters VI and VII

Industrialization and Cities

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VI. Industrialization and Economic Development

A. Character of industrialization

1. Economic sectors: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
2. Specialization in places and the concept of comparative advantage
3. Transport and communications
4. Models of industrial location

B. Spatial aspects of the rise of industrial economies

1. Changing energy sources and technology
2. Economic cores and peripheries
3. Models of economic development and their geographic critiques

C. Contemporary global patterns of industrialization

1. Linkages and interdependencies
2. Changing patterns of economic activity
3. Deindustrialization
4. Economic development initiatives: government policies

D. Impacts of industrialization

1. Time-space compression
2. Social stratification
3. Health and quality of life
4. Environmental change and issues of sustainability

VII. Cities and Urban Land Use

A. Definitions of urbanism

B. Origin and evolution of cities

1. Historical patterns of urbanization
2. Cultural context and urban form
3. Urban growth and rural-urban migration
4. Rise of megacities
5. Models of urban systems
6. Comparative models of internal city structure

C. Functional character of contemporary cities

1. Changing employment mix
2. Changing demographic and social structures

D. Built environment and social space

1. Transportation and infrastructure
2. Political organization of urban areas
3. Locational decisions, conflicts, and hazards
4. Uneven development, ghettoization, and gentrification
5. Patterns of race, ethnicity, gender, and class
6. Impacts of suburbanization and edge cities

E. Responses to urban growth

1. Urban planning and design
2. Community action and initiatives